Bhāskaracharja II
In the history of Indian mathematics and astronomy, the name of the Second Bhāskarāchārya is inscribed in gold letters. He was the crown prince of solar science. With his death, the glory of India was greatly diminished.
The
Second Bhāskarāchārya was born in 1114 AD in a place called Bijurbid (now
Bijapur) in Karnataka near the Paschimghāt hills. His father was Maheshwar Upādhyaya.
All this information about him is known from a copper plate. This plaque is
found in a place called Chālis Gaon, seventy miles from Nasik. This was
discovered by Vaudaji. The father of the second Bhāskarāchārya was also a great
man. One of his outstanding daughters was Līlāvatī.
His
contributions -
There
are two books of Bhāskarāchārya - 1. Siddhantashiromani and 2. Karanakutuhal.
At the age of 36 he wrote Siddhanta Shiromani and at the age of 69 (in 1183) he
wrote another book called Karankautuhal.
1.
Siddhantashi Shiromani - Siddhantashi Shiromani, a famous book of astrology
written by the second Bhāskarāchārya. Based on this book he wrote an annotation
called 'Desire'. No one was able to compose such a basic text on Astrology and Mathematics even after his death. So he can be called the latest basic
researcher in mathematics. He was the first to independently invent the Panchat
Mathematical (Calculus) method.
Classification
of decision headings-
This
book has four chapters. Namely -1. Līlāvatī,2. Bījagoṇita(Algebra) 3. Granthagoṇita
and 4.Gola (Round).
1. Līlāvatī -
The
chapter on arithmetic is named after the book's daughter Līlāvatī . Many people
say that Līlāvatī wrote this chapter. Līlāvatī acquired the same education as her
father in her father's house when she was divorced without the knowledge of
marriage. From his explanation, it is known that "the meaning of the word
Pāti" is the order or method and mathematical classical addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division etc. are discussed, so this classical is
called arithmetic. In the chapter Līlāvatī discusses arithmetic, algebra and
geometry. They are an invaluable resource of limited scripture.
Arithmetic
- Mathematics continues to improve with the advancement of astronomy. Bhāskarāchārya's
Siddhantashi Shiromani and Līlāvatī discuss various important aspects of Indian
mathematics. There is mention and discussion of words like
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc. Līlāvatī mentions 2 / 10-11 different decimal
values. There are some examples of queries in the Q&A system.
3.
Granthagoṇita-Here he discusses the motion of the planets.
4.
Gola(Round)- This Chapter’s discusses the Earth's roundness and gravitational
force. Here he uses the intercalary method to determine the longitude of the
moon.
Geometry
and Dimensions -
Bhāskarāchārya has also made significant
contributions in the field of geometry and dimensionality. He determined the
value of pi with the help of right triangles and fine polygons - 3.141666. He
imagined a polygon of 364 arms without the use of instruments. He was the one
who determined the volume and volume of the surface of the sphere.
Astronomy
-
Bhāskarāchārya also has significant
contributions in astronomy. He was the one who measured the motion of the
planet using the principle of differential calculus. He also measured the
instantaneous motion of the planet. Moreover, he divides time into finer
measurements.
Trigonometry
-
He
has played a significant role in creating the table of trigonometry. He
mentions the method of finding the sine cosine at 1 degree intervals.
Physics
- He discusses the surface religion of liquids.
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